Scientific References
Physical Activity and Disease Prevention
Physical Activity and Public Health -- A Recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine
Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, Haskell WL, Macera CA, Bouchard C, Buchner D, Ettinger W, Heath GW, King AC, et al.
JAMA 1995;273:402-407
Physical fitness and all-cause mortality.
Blair SN, Kohl HW, Paffenbarger RS, Clark DG, Cooper KH, Gibbons LW.
JAMA. 1989;262:2395-2401.
Exercise and Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement From the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity)
Paul D. Thompson, MD; David Buchner, MD; Ileana L. Piña, MD; Gary J. Balady, MD; Mark A. Williams, PhD; Bess H. Marcus, PhD; Kathy Berra, MSN, ANP; Steven N. Blair, PED; Fernando Costa, MD; Barry Franklin, PhD; Gerald F. Fletcher, MD; Neil F. Gordon, MD, PhD; Russell R. Pate, PhD; Beatriz L. Rodriguez, MD, PhD; Antronette K. Yancey, MD; Nanette K. Wenger, MD
Circulation, 2003;107:3109-3116
Other references
Compendium of physical activities.
Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Leon AS, et al.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1993;25:71-80.
[Abstract]
AHA medical/scientific statement on exercise.
Fletcher GF, Blair SN, Blumenthal J, et al.
Circulation, 1992;86:340-344.
A prospective study of exercise and incidence of diabetes among US male physicians.
Manson JE, Nathan DM, Krolewski AS, Stampfer M J, Willett WC, Hennekens CH.
JAMA, 1992;268:63-67.
Actual causes of death in the United States.
McGinnis JM, Foege WH.
JAMA, 1993;270:2207-2212.
[Abstract]
Balance and strength changes in elderly subjects after heavy-resistance strength training.
Parsons D, Foster V, Harman F, Dickinson A, Westerlind K.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1992;24 (suppl):S21.
[Abstract]
Blood Pressure, Fitness, and Fatness in 5- and 6-Year-Old Children
Gutin et al., JAMA 1990;264:1123-1127.
[Abstract]
Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Predictor of Fatal and Nonfatal Stroke in Asymptomatic Women and Men, Steven P. Hooker, PhD; Xuemei Sui, MD; Natalie Colabianchi, PhD; John Vena, PhD; James Laditka, PhD; Michael J. LaMonte, PhD Steven N. Blair, PED, Stroke 2008;39:2950-2957.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is an Independent Predictor of Hypertension Incidence among Initially Normotensive Healthy Women, Carolyn E. Barlow, Michael J. LaMonte, Shannon J. FitzGerald, James B. Kampert, Joe L. Perrin and Steven N. Blair, Am J Epidemiol 2006;163:142-150.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Young Adulthood and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, Mercedes R. Carnethon, PhD; Samuel S. Gidding, MD; Rodrigo Nehgme, MD; Stephen Sidney, MD, MPH; David R. Jacobs, Jr, PhD; Kiang Liu, PhD, JAMA 2003;290:3092-3100.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Risk for Stroke in Men, Sudhir Kurl, MD; Jari A. Laukkanen, MD; Rainer Rauramaa, MD, PhD, MSc; Timo A. Lakka, MD, PhD; Juhani Sivenius, MD, PhD; Jukka T. Salonen, MD, PhD, MScPH
Arch Intern Med 2003;163:1682-1688.
Changes in Blood Rheology Produced by Exercise, E. Ernst, MD
JAMA 1985;253:2962-2963.
[Abstract]
Changes in skeletal muscle with aging: effects of exercise training. Rogers MA, Evans WJ. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 1993;21:65-379.
[Abstract]
Daily Life Activity and the Risk of Developing Hypertension in Middle-aged Japanese Men, Noriyuki Nakanishi, MD, DrPH; Kenji Suzuki, ScD
Arch Intern Med 2005;165:214-220.
Effects of Exercise Training Amount and Intensity on Peak Oxygen Consumption in Middle-Age Men and Women at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease, Brian D. Duscha, MS, Cris A. Slentz, PhD, Johanna L. Johnson, MS, Joseph A. Houmard, PhD, Daniel R. Bensimhon, MD, Kenneth J. Knetzger, MS and William E. Kraus, MD, Chest 2005;128:2788-2793.
Effects of exercise and diet on chronic disease, Christian K. Roberts and R. James Barnard, J. Appl. Physiol. 2005;98:3-30.
Effects of High-Intensity Interval Walking Training on Physical Fitness and Blood Pressure in Middle-Aged and Older People, Ken-ichi Nemoto, MS; Hirokazu Gen-no, PhD; Shizue Masuki, PhD; Kazunobu Okazaki, PhD; Hiroshi Nose, MD, PhD
Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82:803-811.
Exercise training attenuates increases in lumbar sympathetic nerve activity produced by stimulation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla, Patrick J. Mueller
J. Appl. Physiol. 2007;102:803-813.
Exercise Standards for Testing and Training: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association, Gerald F. Fletcher, MD, Chair; Gary J. Balady, MD, Vice Chair; Ezra A. Amsterdam, MD; Bernard Chaitman, MD; Robert Eckel, MD; Jerome Fleg, MD; Victor F. Froelicher, MD; Arthur S. Leon, MD; Ileana L. Piña, MD; Roxanne Rodney, MD; Denise A. Simons-Morton, MD, PhD; Mark A. Williams, PhD; Terry Bazzarre, PhD
Circulation 2001;104:1694-1740.
Exercise Reverses Peripheral Insulin Resistance in Trained L-NAME-Hypertensive Rats, Kátia De Angelis Lobo d'Avila; Giovani Gadonski; Jiao Fang; Pedro Dall'Ago; Vera Lúcia Albuquerque; Livia Rodrigues de Araújo Peixoto; Tânia Gatelli Fernandes; Maria Cláudia Irigoyen
Hypertension 1999;34:768-772.
Exercise as Cardiovascular Therapy, Roy J. Shephard, MD, PhD, DPE; Gary J. Balady, MD, Circulation 1999;99:963-972.
Exercise in Cardiovascular Disease, Dubbert et al.
Behav Modif 1987;11:329-347.
[Abstract]
Epidemiological evidence for the role of physical activity in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, Shari S. Bassuk and JoAnn E. Manson, J. Appl. Physiol. 2005;99:1193-1204.
Effect of exercise training in 60-69 year old persons with essential hypertension. Hagberg JM, Montain S J, Martin WH, et al.
American Journal of Cardiology, 1989;64:348-353.
[Abstract]
Effects of differing intensities and formats of 12 months of exercise training on psychological outcomes in older adults. King AC, Taylor CB, Haskell WL.
Health psychology, 1993;12:292-300.
[Abstract]
Effects of gender, age, and fitness levels on response of VO2max to training to 60-71 year olds. Kohrt WM, Malley MT, Coggan AR, et al.
Journal of Applied Physiology, 1991;71:2004-2011.
[Abstract]
Excess deaths from nine chronic diseases in the United States.
Hahn RA, Teutsch SM, Rothenberg RB, Marks JS.
JAMA, 1986;264:2654-2659.
Exercise, fitness, and hypertension, Hagberg JM. In: Exercise, Fitness, and Health., Bouchard C, Shephard RJ, Stephens T, Sutton JR, McPherson BD, eds.
Human Kinetics Publishers; Champaign, Ill: 1990:455-566.
Exercise Adherence. Dishman RK, ed.
Human Kinetics Publishers; Champaign, Ill: 1988
Exercise and obesity, Bouchard C, Depres JP, Tremblay A.
Obesity Research, 1993;1:133-147.
[Abstract]
Epidemiology of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures., Cummings SR, Kelsey JL, Nevitt MD, O'Dowd KJ., Epidemiologic Reviews, 1985;7:178-208.
[Abstract][Full Text][Full Text PDF]
Exercise applications and promotion in behavioral medicine., Martin JE, Dubbert PM., Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,1982;50:1004-1017.
[Abstract]
Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition and Human Performance. McCardle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Lea & Febiger, 2nd ed. Philadelphia; 1986:642.
[Abstract]
Exercise in leisure time: coronary attack and death rates.
Morris JN, Clayton DG, Everitt MG, Semmence AM, Burgess EH.
British Heart Journal, 1990;63:325-334.
Exercise as an adjunct to weight loss and maintenance in moderately obese subjects., Pavlou K, Krey S, Steffee WP.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1989;49: 1115-1123.
Exercise, bone mineral density, and osteoporosis. Snow-Harter C, Marcus R.
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 1991;19:351-388.
[Abstract]
Exercise training and hypertension: an update. Tipton CM.
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 1991;19:447-505.
[Abstract]
Evaluation of patient physical activity after counseling by primary care providers. Long B J, Callas K J, Sallis JF, et al.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1994; 26 (suppl):S4.
[Abstract]
Failure of Exercise to Reduce Blood Pressure in Patients With Mild Hypertension: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial, Blumenthal et al.
JAMA 1991;266:2098-2104.
[Abstract]
Graded associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness, and blood pressure in children and adolescents, L Klasson-Heggebø, L B Andersen, A H Wennlöf, L B Sardinha, M Harro, K Froberg, S A Anderssen
Br. J. Sports. Med. 2006;40:25-29.
Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence.
Darren E.R. Warburton, Crystal Whitney Nicol and Shannon S.D. Bredin
CMAJ 2006;174:801-809.
Heart Rate Recovery Following Maximal Exercise Testing as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Men With Diabetes
Yiling J. Cheng, MD, PHD, Michael S. Lauer, MD, Conrad P. Earnest, PHD, Timothy S. Church, MD, MPH, PHD, James B. Kampert, PHD, Larry W. Gibbons, MD, MPH and Steven N. Blair, PED
Diabetes Care 2003;26:2052-2057.
Heart Rate as a Predictor of Mortality: The MATISS Project, Fulvia Seccareccia, MSc, Fabio Pannozzo, MD, Francesco Dima, Anna Minoprio, MSc, Antonio Menditto, MD, Cinzia Lo Noce and Simona Giampaoli, MD, AJPH 2001;91:1258-1263.
Influence of regular aerobic exercise on psychological health.
King AC, Taylor CB, Haskell WL, DeBusk RF.
Health psychology, 1989;8:305-324.
[Abstract]
Joggers May Live Longer... Kaplan; JAMA 1984;252:528-528.
[Abstract]
Leisure-time physical activity levels and risk of coronary heart disease and death: the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention trial.
Leon AS, Connett J, Jacobs DR Jr, Rauramaa R. JAMA, 1987;258:2388-2395.
Lifestyle Modifications for Its Prevention and Management, Bronas and Leon
American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 2009;3:425-439.
[Abstract]
Lifestyle Interventions Reduce Coronary Heart Disease Risk: Results From the PREMIER Trial, Nisa M. Maruthur, MD, MHS; Nae-Yuh Wang, PhD; Lawrence J. Appel, MD, MPH Circulation 2009;119:2026-2031.
National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Working Group Report on Primary Prevention of Hypertension, Arch Intern Med 1993;153:186-208.
[Abstract]
Neural and Nonneural Mechanisms for Sex Differences in Elderly Hypertension: Can Exercise Training Help? Qi Fu; Wanpen Vongpatanasin; Benjamin D. Levine, Hypertension 2008;52:787-794.
Non-Drug Treatment of Hypertension, KAPLAN
Ann Intern Med, 1985;102:359-373.
[Abstract]
Osteoporosis and exercise in women., Marcus R, Drinkwater B, Dalsky G, et al.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1992;24 (suppl):S301-S307.
[Abstract]
Obesity and hypertension: two epidemics or one?, Kevin P. Davy and John E. Hall, Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2004;286:R803-R813.
Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Study of Healthy Men and Women, Blair et al., JAMA 1989;262:2395-2401.
[Abstract]
Physical Activity Counseling for Healthy Adults as a Primary Preventive Intervention in the Clinical Setting: Report for the US Preventive Services Task Force, Harris et al., JAMA 1989;261:3588-3598.
[Abstract]
Physical Activity in Young Adults and Incident Hypertension Over 15 Years of Follow-Up: The CARDIA Study, Emily D. Parker, MPH, Kathryn H. Schmitz, PhD, MPH, David R. Jacobs, Jr, PhD, Donald R. Dengel, PhD and Pamela J. Schreiner, PhD, AJPH 2007;97:703-709.
Physical Activity Outcomes of CHAMPS II: A Physical Activity Promotion Program for Older Adults, Anita L. Stewart, Carol J. Verboncoeur, Barbara Y. McLellan, Dawn E. Gillis, Stephanie Rush, Kris M. Mills, Abby C. King, Philip Ritter, Byron W. Brown Jr. and Walter M. Bortz II
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001;56:M465-M470.
Physical Activity and Public Health: A Recommendation From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine
Russell R. Pate, PhD; Michael Pratt, MD, MPH; Steven N. Blair, PED; William L. Haskell, PhD; Caroline A. Macera, PhD; Claude Bouchard, PhD; David Buchner, MD, MPH; Walter Ettinger, MD; Gregory W. Heath, DHSc; Abby C. King, PhD; Andrea Kriska, PhD; Arthur S. Leon, MD; Bess H. Marcus, PhD; Jeremy Morris, MD; Ralph S. Paffenbarger, Jr, MD; Kevin Patrick, MD; Michael L. Pollock, PhD; James M. Rippe, MD; James Sallis, PhD; Jack H. Wilmore, PhD
JAMA 1995;273:402-407.
[Abstract]
Predictors of adoption and maintenance of vigorous physical activity in men and women. Sallis JF, HoveIl MF, Hofstetter CR.
Preventive Medicine, 1992;21:237-251.
[Abstract][Full Text][Full Text PDF]
Physical fitness as a predictor of mortality among healthy, middle-aged Norweigan men. Sandvik L, ErikssenJ, Thaulow E, Erikssen G, Mundal R, Rodhal K.
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1993;328:533-537.
Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Helmrich SP, Ragland DR, Leung RW, Paffenbarger RS.
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1991;325:147-152.
[Abstract]
Physical fitness as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in asymptomatic North American men. The Lipid Research Clinics Mortality Follow-up Study.
Ekelund LG, Haskell WL, Johnson JL, Whaley FS, Criqui MH, Sheps DS.
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1988; 319:1379-1384.
[Abstract]
Position stand on the recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in healthy adults. This pronouncement was written for the American College of Sports Medicine by: Michael L. Pollock, Ph.D., FACSM (Chairperson), Glenn A. Gaesser, Ph.D., FACSM (Co-chairperson), Janus D. Butcher, M.D., FACSM, Jean-Pierre Després, Ph.D., Rod K. Dishman, Ph.D., FACSM, Barry A. Franklin, Ph.D., FACSM, and Carol Ewing Garber, Ph.D., FACSM., American College of Sports Medicine.
Position stand: physical activity, physical fitness, and hypertension.
American College of Sports Medicine.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1994 Oct;26(10):1295-6.
[Abstract]
Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness. Caspersen C J, Powell KE, Christenson GM., Public Health Reports, 1985;100:125-131.
Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health.
Bouchard C, Shephard R J, Stephens T, eds.
Human Kinetics Publishers, Champaign, Ill; 1994.
Physical activity and incidence of hypertension in college alumni.
Paffenbarger RS. Wing AL, Hyde RT, Jung DL.
American Journal of Epidemiology, 1983;117:245-257.
[Abstract]
Physical activity and the incidence of coronary heart disease.
Powell KE, Thompson PD, Caspersen CJ, Ford ES.
Annual Review of Public Health, 1987;8:253-287.
[Abstract]
Physical activity, fibrinolysis, and platelet aggregability.
Rauramaa R, Salonen JT. In: Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health.
Bouchard C, Shephard R J, Stephens T, eds.
Human Kinetics Publishers; Champaign, Ill:1994:471-479.
Prescribing exercise for fitness and adherence.
Pollock ML. In: Exercise Adherence. Dishman RK, ed., Human Kinetics Publishers; Champaign, 111:1988:259-277.
Physical activity, fitness, and infection. Nieman DC. In: Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health., Bouchard C, Shephard R J, Stephens T, eds.
Human Kinetics Publishers; Champaign, Ill: 1994;796-813.
Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni.
Paffenbarger RS, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Hsieh C-C.
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1986;314:605-613.
[Abstract]
Physical fitness. Leon AS., In: The Book of Health. Wyinder EL, ed. American Health Foundation, Franklin Watts; New York, NY: 1981:293.
Physical fitness and incidence of hypertension in healthy normotensive men and women. Blair SN, Goodyear NN, Gibbons LW, Cooper KH.
JAMA, 1984;252:487-490.
[Abstract]
Peripheral effects of endurance training in young and old subjects.
Meredith C, Frontera W, Fisher E, et al.
Journal of Applied Physiology, 1989;66:2844-2849.
[Abstract]
Physical activity and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. Manson JE, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, et al.
Lancet, 1991; 338:774-778.
[Abstract]
Physical activity, fitness, and atherosclerosis, Moore S. In: Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health. Bouchard C, Shephard R J, Stephens T,
Human Kinetics Publishers; Champaign, Ill: 1994:570-578.
[Abstract]
Physical training and insulin sensitivity.
Koivisto VA, Yki-Jarvinen H, DeFronzo RA.
Diabetes / Metabolism Reviews, 1986;1:445-481.
[Abstract]
Prediction of leisure-time exercise behavior: a path analysis (LISREL V) model.
Godin G, Valois P, Shephard R J, Desharnais R.
Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 1987; 10:145-158.
[Abstract]
Prevalence of sedentary lifestyle -- behavioral risk factor surveillance system, United States, 1991. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 1993;42:576-579.
[Abstract]
Psychological effects of exercise for disease resistance and health promotion.
Dishman RK. In: Exercise and Disease.
Watson RR, Eisinher M, eds. CRC Press; Boca Raton, Fla:1992:179-207.
Public health focus: physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 1993;42:669-672.
[Abstract]
Quantifying the association between habitual energy expenditure and blood pressure. Nicholas J Wareham, Man-Yu Wong, Susie Hennings, Joanne Mitchell, Kirsten Rennie, Kennedy Cruickshank and Nicholas E Day.
Int J Epidemiol 2000;29:655-660.
Remaining Active in Later Life: The Role of Locus of Control in Seniors' Leisure Activity Participation, Health, and Life Satisfaction
Verena H. Menec, PhD; Judith G. Chipperfield, PhD
J Aging Health 1997;9:105-125.
[Abstract]
Running and Its Effect on Family Life, Daniel S. Fick, MD; Stephen J. Goff, PhD; Robert Oppliger, PhD, Arch Fam Med 1996;5:385-388.
[Abstract]
Relationship of Physical Activity and Body Mass Index to the Risk of Hypertension: A Prospective Study in Finland, Gang Hu; Noël C. Barengo; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Timo A. Lakka; Aulikki Nissinen; Pekka Jousilahti
Hypertension 2004;43:25-30.
Relationships of Heart Disease Risk Factors to Exercise Quantity and Intensity
Paul T. Williams, PhD, Arch Intern Med 1998;158:237-245.
Splitting the distance of endurance running: on cardiovascular endurance and blood lipids. Ebisu T., Japan Journal of Physical Education, 1985;30:37-43.
Secular trends in adult physical activity. Stephens T.
Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 1987;58:94-105.
[Abstract]
Television viewing and physical fitness in adults. Tucker LA.
Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 1990;61:315-320.
[Abstract]
The insulin-like effect of muscle contraction. Ivy JL.
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 1987;15:29-51.
[Abstract]
The influence of exercise training on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in health and disease. Haskell WL.
Acta Med Scand, 1986;711 (suppl): 25-37.
[Abstract]
The behavioral risk factor surveys, IV: the descriptive epidemiology of exercise. White CC, Powell KE, Goelin GC, Gentry EM, Forman MR.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 1987;3:304-310.
[Abstract]
The effects on plasma lipoproteins of prudent weight-reducing diet, with or without exercise, in overweight men and women.
Wood PD. Stefanick ML, Williams PT, Haskell WL.
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1991;325: 461-466.
[Abstract]
The relationship of physical activity and exercise to mental health.
Taylor CB, Sallis JF, Needle R., Public Health Reports, 1985;100:195-201.
The effects of aerobic exercise on plasma catecholamines and blood pressure in patients with mild essential hypertension. Duncan JJ, Farr JE, Upton SJ, Hagan RD, Oglesby ME, Blair SN. JAMA, 1985;254:2609-2613.
[Abstract]
The effect of physician advice on exercise behavior. Lewis BS, Lynch WD.
Preventive Medicine, 1993;22: 110-121.
[Abstract]
The effects of moderate exercise training on immune response.
Nehlsen-Cannarella SL, Niemann DC, Balk-Lamberton AJ, et al.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1991;23:64-70.
[Abstract]
The association of changes in physical-activity level and other lifestyle characteristics with mortality among men.
Paffenbarger RS, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Lee I, Jung DL, Kampert JB.
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1993;328: 538-545.
The Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Men. Ming Wei, MD; Larry W. Gibbons, MD; Tedd L. Mitchell, MD; James B. Kampert, PhD; Chong D. Lee, EdD; and Steven N. Blair, PED Ann Intern Med, 1999;130:89-96.
The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
Arch Intern Med 1997;157:2413-2446.
[Abstract]
The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Plasma Catecholamines and Blood Pressure in Patients With Mild Essential Hypertension, Duncan et al.
JAMA 1985;254:2609-2613.
[Abstract]
Training effects of long versus short bouts of exercise in healthy subjects.
DeBusk RF, Stenestrand U, Sheehan M, Haskell WL.
American Journal of Cardiology, 1990; 65:1010-1013.
[Abstract]
Trends in physical activity patterns among older adults: the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1986-1990. Caspersen C J, Merritt RK.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1992;24 (suppl):S26.
[Abstract]
Walking Performance and Cardiovascular Response: Associations With Age and Morbidity--The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Anne B. Newman, Catherine L. Haggerty, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Michael C. Nevitt, Eleanor M. Simonsick
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2003;58:M715-M720.
Walk With Your Doc, Dan, JAMA 1988;259:2743-2744.
[Abstract]
Weight-bearing exercise training and lumbar bone mineral content in postmenopausal women. Dalsky GP, Stoke KS, Ehsani AA, Slatopolsky E, Lee WC, Birge SJ., Annals of Internal Medicine, 1988;108:824-828.
[Abstract]
