Scientific References
Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention
Physical activity and cancer (general)
Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention: From Observational to Intervention Research; Christine M. Friedenreich, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention April 2001 10; 287
Physical activity and risk of cancer in the NHANES I population.
Albanes D., Blair A. A., Taylor P. R. Am. J. Public Health, 79: 744-750, 1989.
Physical activity and the primary prevention of cancer.
Kiningham R. B. Primary Care, 25: 515-536, 1998.
[Abstract]
Physical activity and cancer. An epidemiological perspective.
Kohl H. W., LaPorte R. E., Blair S. N. Sports Med., 6: 222-237, 1988.
[Abstract]
Obesity as a risk factor for certain types of cancer.
Carroll K. K. Lipids, 33: 1055-1057, 1998.
[Abstract]
Exercise and resistance to neoplasia.
Woods J. A. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 76: 581-588, 1998.
Mortality by relative weight and exercise. Garfinkel L., Stellman S. D. Cancer (Phila.), 62: 1844-1850, 1988.
[Abstract]
Physical activity and its relation to cancer risk: a prospective study of college alumni. Lee I. M., Paffenbarger R. S., Jr. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise, 26: 831-837, 1994.
[Abstract]
Exercise clinical trials in cancer prevention research: a call to action.
McTiernan A., Schwartz R. S., Potter J., Bowen D. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 8: 201-207, 1999.
Physical activity and cancer etiology: associations and mechanisms.
McTiernan A., Ulrich C., Slate S., Potter J. D. Cancer Causes Control, 9: 487-509, 1998.
[Abstract]
Physical exercise: a pillar for cancer prevention?
Moore M. A., Park C. B., Tsuda H. Eur. J. Cancer Prev., 7: 177-193, 1998.
[Abstract]
Evidence for success of exercise in weight loss and control.
Blair S. N. Ann. Intern. Med., 119: 702-706, 1993.
[Abstract]
The epidemiology of physical activity and cancer.
Oliveria S. A., Christos P. J. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 833: 79-90, 1997.
[Abstract]
Physical activity and incidence of cancer in diverse populations: a preliminary report. Paffenbarger R. S., Hyde R. T., Wing A. L. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 45: 312-317, 1987.
The influence of physical activity on the incidence of site-specific cancers in college alumni Paffenbarger R. S., Jr., Lee I-M., Wong A. L. Jacobs M. M. eds.. Exercise, Fat, and Cancer: 7-15, Plenum Publishing Corp. New York 1992.
College athletics, body size, and cancer mortality.
Polednak A. P. Cancer (Phila.), 38: 382-387, 1976.
Life-long physical activity and cancer risk among Finnish female teachers.
Pukkala E., Poskiparta M., Apter D., Vihko V. Eur. J. Cancer Prev., 2: 369-376, 1993.
[Abstract]
A prospective analysis of physical activity and cancer. Severson R. K., Nomura A. M., Grove J. S., Stemmermann G. N. Am. J. Epidemiol., 130: 522-529, 1989.
[Abstract]
Exercise and malignancy. Shephard R. J. Sports Med., 3: 235-241, 1986.
Physical activity and cancer: how may protection be maximized?
Shephard R. J., Futcher R. Crit. Rev. Oncog., 8: 219-272, 1997.
[Abstract]
The impact of exercise on the immune system: NK cells, interleukins 1 and 2, and related responses. Shephard R. J., Rhind S., Shek P. N. Exercise Sport Sci. Rev., 23: 215-241, 1995.
Associations between physical activity and susceptibility to cancer. Possible mechanisms. Shephard R. J., Shek P. N. Sports Med., 26: 293-315, 1998.
[Abstract]
Cancer and the protective effect of physical activity: the epidemiological evidence.
Sternfeld B. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise, 24: 1195-1209, 1991.
[Abstract]
Physical activity interventions in low-income, ethnic minority, and populations with disability.
Taylor W. C., Baranowski T., Rohm Young D. Am. J. Prev. Med., 15: 334-343, 1998.
[Abstract]
Occupational exercise and risk of cancer. Vena J. E., Graham S., Zielezny M., Brasure J., Swanson M. K. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 45: 318-327, 1987.
Physical activity on the job and cancer in Missouri.
Brownson R. C., Chang J. C., Davis J. R., Smith C. A. ;, 81: 639-642, 1991.
Up-regulation of IGF binding protein-1 as an anticarcinogenic strategy: relevance to caloric restriction, exercise, and insulin sensitivity.
McCarty M. F. Med. Hypotheses, 48: 297-308, 1997.
[Abstract]
Prevention of cancer: review of the evidence from intervention trials.
Coleman, M., and Law, M. In: M. Hakama, V. Beral, J. W. Cullen, and D. M. Parkin (eds.), Evaluating Effectiveness of Primary Prevention of Cancer, IARC Scientific Publication No. 103, pp. 113–122. Lyon: IARC, 1990.
Occupational physical activity, socioeconomic status, and risk of 15 cancer sites in Turkey. Dosemeci M., Hayes R. B., Vetter R., Hoover R. N., Tucker M., Engin K., Unsal M., Blair A. Cancer Causes Control, 4: 313-323, 1993.
[Abstract]
Lifestyle physical activity interventions. History, short- and long-term effects, and recommendations.
Dunn A. L., Andersen R. E., Jakicic J. M. Am. J. Prev. Med., 15: 398-412, 1998.
[Abstract]
The recall of physical activity: using a cognitive model of the question-answering process. Durante R., Ainsworth B. E. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise, 28: 1282-1291, 1996.
[Abstract]
Delayed menarche and amenorrhea of college athletes in relation to age of onset of training. Frisch R. E., Gotz-Welbergen A. V., McArthur J. W., Albright T., Witschi J., Bullen B., Birnholz J., Reed R. B., Hermann H. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 246: 1559-1563, 1981.
Associations of smoking, alcohol and physical activity with risk factors for coronary heart disease and diabetes in the first follow-up cohort of the Heart Disease and Diabetes Risk Indicators in a Screened Cohort study (HDDRISC-1).
Godsland I. F., Leyva F., Walton C., Worthington M., Stevenson J. C. J. Intern. Med., 244: 33-41, 1998.
Interaction of physical activity and diet: implications for insulin-glucose dynamics. Grimm J. J. Pub. Health Nutr., 2: 363-368, 1999.
Impact of obesity on metabolism in men and women. Importance of regional adipose tissue distribution. Krotkiewski M., Bjorntorp P., Sjostrom L., Smith U. J. Clin. Investig., 72: 1150-1162, 1983.
[Abstract]
Use of surveillance system for occupational cancer: data from the Danish national system. Lynge E., Thygesen L. Int. J. Epidemiol., 17: 493-500, 1988.
The Physical Activity for Total Health (PATH) Study: rationale and design.
McTiernan A., Ulrich C. M., Yancey D., Slate S., Nakamura H., Oestreicher N., Bowen D., Yasui Y., Potter J., Schwartz R. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise, 31: 1307-1312, 1999.
[Abstract]
Physical fitness: its contribution to serum high density lipoprotein.
Nakamura N., Uzawa H., Maeda H., Inomoto T. Atherosclerosis, 48: 173-183, 1983.
[Abstract]
Hormonal responses to high- and moderate-intensity strength exercise.
Raastad T., Bjøro T., Hallén J. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 82: 121-128, 2000.
[Abstract]
Adipose tissue as a source of hormones. Siiteri P. K. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 45: 277-282, 1987.
Cancer incidence in the National Health and Nutrition Survey I follow-up data: diabetes, cholesterol, pulse and physical activity. Steenland K., Nowlin S., Palu S. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 4: 807-811, 1995.
Early precursors of site-specific cancers in college men and women. Whittemore A. S., Paffenbarger R. S., Anderson K., Lee J. E. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 74: 43-51, 1985.
[Abstract]
Impact of experimental manipulation of energy intake and expenditure on body composition. Wood P. D. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 33: 369-373, 1993.
[Abstract]
Role of insulin-like growth factor family in cancer development and progression.
Yu H., Rohan T. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 92: 1472-1489, 2000.
Physical activity and breast cancer
Physical activity and breast cancer: evaluation of physical activity assessment methods. Ainsworth B. E., Sternfeld B. E., Slattery M. L., Daguisé V., Hoar Zahm S. Cancer (Phila.), 83: 611-620, 1998.
Physical exercise and reduced risk of breast cancer in young women.
Bernstein L., Henderson B. E., Hanisch R., Sullivan-Halley J., Ross R. K. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 86: 1403-1408, 1994.
[Abstract]
Occupation and breast cancer mortality in a prospective cohort of US women.
Calle E. E., Murphy T. K., Rodriguez C., Thun M. J., Heath C. W. Am. J. Epidemiol., 148: 191-197, 1998.
Lifetime exercise activity and breast cancer risk among post-menopausal women. Carpenter C. L., Ross R. K., Paganini-Hill A., Bernstein L. Br. J. Cancer, 80: 1852-1858, 1999.
Physical activity and breast cancer risk. D’Avanzo B., Nanni O., La Vecchia C., Franceschi S., Negri E., Giacosa A., Conti E., Montella M., Talamini R., Decarli A. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 5: 155-160, 1996.
Physical activity and risk of breast cancer in the Framingham heart study.
Dorgan J. F., Brown C., Barrett M., Splansky G. L., Kreger B. E., D’Agostino R. B., Albanes D., Schatzkin A. Am. J. Epidemiol., 139: 662-669, 1994.
[Abstract]
Physical activity and risk of breast cancer. Friedenreich C. M., Rohan T. E. Eur. J. Cancer Prev., 4: 145-151, 1995.
[Abstract]
Epidemiologic issues related to the association between physical activity and breast cancer. Friedenreich C. M., Thune I., Brinton L. A., Albanes D. Cancer (Phila.), 83: 600-610, 1998.
Lower prevalence of breast cancer and cancers of the reproductive system among former college athletes compared to non-athletes.
Frisch R. E., Wyshak G., Albright N. L., Albright T. E., Schiff I., Witschi J., Marguglio M. Br. J. Cancer, 52: 885-891, 1985.
Bone mineral density and risk of breast cancer in older women.
Cauley J. A., Lucas F. L., Kuller L. H., Vogt M. T., Browner W. S., Cummings S. R. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 276: 1404-1408, 1996.
Leisure-time physical activity in relation to breast cancer among young women (Washington, United States). Chen C. L., White E., Malone K. E., Daling J. R. Cancer Causes Control, 8: 77-84, 1997.
[Abstract]
Occupational physical activity and breast cancer risk in the Upper Cape Cod Cancer Incidence Study. Coogan P. F., Aschengrau A. Am. J. Ind. Med., 36: 279-285, 1999.
[Abstract]
Variation in female breast cancer risk by occupation. Coogan P. F., Clapp R. W., Newcomb P. A., Mittendorf R., Bogdan G., Baron J. A., Longnecker M. P. Am. J. Ind. Med., 30: 430-437, 1996.
[Abstract]
Physical activity in usual occupation and risk of breast cancer (United States).
Coogan P. F., Newcomb P. A., Clapp R. W., Trentham-Dietz A., Baron J. A., Longnecker M. P. Cancer Causes Control, 8: 626-631, 1997.
[Abstract]
Relation of prediagnostic serum estrogen and androgen levels to breast cancer risk. Dorgan J. F., Longcope C., Stephenson H. E., Jr., Falk R. T., Miller R., Franz C., Kahle L., Campbell W. S., Tangrea J. A., Schatzkin A. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 5: 533-539, 1996.
Risk factors, lifetime risk, and age at onset of breast cancer.
Fraser G. E., Shavlik D. Ann. Epidemiol., 7: 375-382, 1997.
[Abstract]
Physical activity and breast cancer risk in a cohort of young women.
Rockhill B., Willett W. C., Hunter D. J., Manson J. E., Hankinson S. E., Spiegelman D., Colditz G. A. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 90: 1155-1160, 1998.
Recreational and occupational physical activities and risk of breast cancer.
Gammon M. D., John E. M., Britton J. A. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 90: 100-117, 1998.
Recreational physical activity and breast cancer risk among women under age 45 years. Gammon M. D., Schoenberg J. B., Britton J. A., Kelsey J. L., Coates R. J., Brogan D., Potischman N., Swanson C. A., Daling J. R., Stanford J. L., Brinton L. A. Am. J. Epidemiol., 147: 273-280, 1998.
Circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and risk of breast cancer. Hankinson S. E., Willett W. C., Colditz G. A., Hunter D. J., Michaud D. S., Deroo B., Rosner B., Speizer F. E., Pollak M. Lancet, 351: 1393-1396, 1998.
[Abstract]
A large-scale, hospital-based case-control study of risk factors of breast cancer according to menopausal status. Hirose K., Tajima K., Hamajima N., Inoue M., Takezaki T., Kuroishi T., Yoshida M., Tokudome S. Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 86: 146-154, 1995.
[Abstract]
Association of body mass index, physical activity, and reproductive histories with breast cancer: a case-control study in Gifu, Japan.
Hu Y. H., Nagata C., Shimizu N., Kaneda N., Kashiki Y. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 43: 65-72, 1997.
[Abstract]
Epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer.
Kelsey J. L., Bernstein L. Annu. Rev. Public Health, 17: 47-67, 1996.
[Abstract]
Nutrition, hormones, and breast cancer: is insulin the missing link?
Kaaks R. Cancer Causes Control, 7: 605-625, 1996.
[Abstract]
Relationship between the risk of breast cancer and physical activity.
Lattika P., Pukkala E., Vihko V. Sports Med., 26: 133-143, 1998.
[Abstract]
Occupational and leisure time physical activity and the risk of breast cancer.
Levi F., Pasche C., Lucchini F., La Vecchia C. Eur. J. Cancer, 35: 775-778, 1999.
[Abstract]
Physical activity at age 12 and adult breast cancer risk (United States).
Marcus P. M., Newman B., Moorman P. G., Millikan R. C., Baird D. D., Qaqish B., Sternfeld B. Cancer Causes Control, 10: 293-302, 1999.
[Abstract]
Occurrence of breast cancer in relation to recreational exercise in women age 50–64 years. McTiernan A., Stanford J. L., Weiss N. S., Daling J. R., Voigt L. F. Epidemiology, 7: 598-604, 1996.
[Abstract]
Population attributable risk for breast cancer: diet, nutrition, and physical exercise. Mezzetti M., La Vecchia C., Decarli A., Boyle P., Talamini R., Franceschi S. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 90: 389-394, 1998.
Strenuous physical activity in young adulthood and risk of breast cancer (United States). Mittendorf R., Longnecker M. P., Newcomb P. A., Dietz A. T., Greenberg E. R., Bogdan G. F., Clapp R. W., Willett W. C. Cancer Causes Control, 6: 347-353, 1995.
[Abstract]
Physical activity and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer.
Moore D. B., Folsom A. R., Mink P. J., Hong C-P., Anderson K. E., Kushi L. H. Epidemiology, 11: 292-296, 2000.
[Abstract]
Breast cancer risk and lifetime leisure-time and occupational physical activity (Sweden). Moradi T., Nyrén O., Zack M., Magnusson C., Persson I., Adami H-O. Cancer Causes Control, 11: 523-531, 2000.
[Abstract]
A prospective study of recreational physical activity and breast cancer risk.
Rockhill B., Willett W. C., Hunter D. J., Manson J. E., Hankinson S. E., Colditz G. A. Arch. Intern. Med., 159: 2290-2296, 1999.
Physical activity and breast cancer risk in the College Alumni Health Study (United States). Sesso H. D., Paffenbarger R. S., Jr., Lee I-M. Cancer Causes Control, 9: 433-439, 1998.
[Abstract]
Early-life physical activity and postmenopausal breast cancer: effect of body size and weight change. Shoff S. M., Newcomb P. A., Trentham-Dietz A., Remington P. L., Mittendorf R., Greenberg E. R., Willett W. C. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 9: 591-595, 2000.
Physical activity and the risk of breast cancer. Thune I., Brenn T., Lund E., Gaard M. N. Engl. J. Med., 336: 1269-1275, 1997.
Physical activity and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study of Japanese women. Ueji M., Ueno E., Osei-Hyiaman D., Takahashi H., Kano K. J. Epidemiol., 8: 116-122, 1998.
[Abstract]
Physical activity and breast cancer risk in women aged 20–54 years. Verloop J., Rookus M. A., van der Kooy K., van and Leeuwen F. L. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 92: 128-135, 2000.
Risk of breast cancer among female teachers of physical education and languages. Vihko V. J., Apter D. L., Pukkala E. I., Oinonen M. T., Hakulinen T. R., Vihko R. K. Acta Oncol., 31: 201-204, 1992.
The effects of moderate physical activity on menstrual cycle patterns in adolescence: implications for breast cancer prevention. Bernstein L., Ross R. K., Lobo R. A., Hanisch R., Krailo M. D., Henderson B. E. Br. J. Cancer, 55: 681-685, 1987.
Breast cancer among female college athletes compared to non-athletes: a 15-year follow-up. Wyshak G., Frisch R. E. Br. J. Cancer, 82: 726-730, 2000.
Occupational physical activity and the incidence of cancer of the breast, corpus uteri, and ovary in Shanghai. Zheng W., Shu X. O., McLaughlin J. K., Chow W-H., Gao Y. T., Blot W. J. Cancer (Phila.), 71: 3620-3624, 1993.
Physical activity and colon cancer
Do occupational factors influence the risk of colon and rectal cancer in different ways? Arbman G., Axelson O., Fredriksson M., Nilsson E., Sjödahl R. Cancer (Phila.), 72: 2543-2549, 1993.
[Abstract]
Physical activity and risk of large bowel cancer in the Framingham Study.
Ballard-Barbash R., Schatzkin A., Albanes D., Schiffman M. H., Kreger B. E., Kannel W. B., Anderson K. M., Helsel W. E. Cancer Res., 50: 3610-3613, 1990
Physical activity and colon cancer: a case-referent study in Stockholm.
Gerhardsson de Verdier M., Steineck G., Hagman U., Rieger A., Norell S. E. Int. J. Cancer, 46: 985-989, 1990.
[Abstract]
Physical activity and colon cancer risk.
Gerhardsson M., Floderus B., Norell S. E. Int. J. Epidemiol., 17: 743-746, 1988.
[Abstract]
Sedentary jobs and colon cancer. Gerhardsson M., Norell S. E., Kiviranta H., Pedersen N. L., Alhbom A. Am. J. Epidemiol., 123: 775-780, 1986.
[Abstract]
Physical activity, obesity, and risk of colon cancer and adenoma in men.
Giovannucci E., Ascherio A., Rimm E. B., Colditz G. A., Stampfer M. J., Willett W. C. Ann. Intern. Med., 122: 327-334, 1995. [Abstract][Full Text][Full Text PDF]
Occupational physical activity and risk of cancer of the colon and rectum in New Zealand males. Fraser G., Pearce N. Cancer Causes Control, 4: 45-50, 1993.
[Abstract]
Colon cancer, physical activity, and occupational exposures. A case-control study. Fredriksson M., Bengtsson N. O., Hardell L., Axelson O. Cancer (Phila.), 63: 1838-1842, 1989.
[Abstract]
Physical activity and occupational risk of colon cancer in Shanghai,
Chow W. H., Dosemeci M., Zheng W., Vetter R., McLaughlin J. K., Gao Y. T., Blot W. J. China. Int. J. Epidemiol., 22: 23-29, 1993.
[Abstract]
Occupational risks for colon cancer in Sweden.
Chow W. H., Malker H. S., Hsing A. W., McLaughlin J. K., Weiner J. A., Stone B. J., Ericsson J. L., Blot W. J. J. Occup. Med., 36: 647-651, 1994.
[Abstract]
Physical activity and reduced risk of colon cancer: implications for prevention.
Colditz G. A., Cannuscio C. C., Frazier A. L. Cancer Causes Control, 8: 649-667, 1997.
[Abstract]
Body weight and physical activity as predictors of colorectal cancer risk.
Kune G., Kune S., Watson L. Nutr. Cancer, 13: 9-17, 1990.
[Abstract]
Associations of sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, alcohol use, and diabetes with the risk of colorectal cancer. Le Marchand L., Wilkens L. R., Kolonel L. N., Hankin J. H., Lyu L. C. Cancer Res., 57: 4787-4794, 1997.
Physical activity and risk of colon cancer: the Physicians’ Health Study (United States). Lee I. M., Manson J. E., Ajani U., Paffenbarger R. S., Jr., Hennekens C. H., Buring J. E. Cancer Causes Control, 8: 568-574, 1997.
[Abstract]
Physical activity and risk of developing colorectal cancer among college alumni. Lee I-M., Paffenbarger R. S., Hsieh C-C. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 83: 1324-1329, 1991.
[Abstract]
A case-control study of physical activity in relation to risk of cancer of the right colon and rectum. Longnecker M., Gerhardsson de Verdier M., Frumkin H., Carpenter C. Int. J. Epidemiol., 24: 42-50, 1995.
[Abstract]
Physical activity and risk of colorectal cancer in men and women.
Thune I., Lund E. Br. J. Cancer, 73: 1134-1140, 1996.
Physical activity and risk of cancers of the colon and rectum: an Italian case-control study. Tavani A., Braga C., La Vecchia C., Conti E., Filiberti R., Montella M., Amadori D., Russo A., Franceschi S. Br. J. Cancer, 79: 1912-1916, 1999.
Physical activity and colon cancer: a comparison of various indicators of physical activity to evaluate the association. Slattery M. L., Abd-Elghany N., Kerber R., Schumacher M. C. Epidemiology, 1: 481-485, 1990.
[Abstract]
A population-based case-control study of colorectal cancer in Majorca. I. Dietary factors. Benito E., Obrador A., Stiggelbout A., Bosch F. X., Mulet M., Muñoz N., Kaldor J. Int. J. Cancer, 45: 69-76, 1990.
[Abstract]
Sugar, meat, fat intake, and non-dietary risk factors for colon cancer incidence in Iowa women (United States). Bostick R., Potter J., Kushi L., Steinmetz K. A., McKenzie D. R., Gapstur S. M., Folsom A. R. Cancer Causes Control, 5: 38-52, 1994.
[Abstract]
Occupational risk of colon cancer. An analysis by anatomic subsite. Brownson R. C., Zahm S. H., Chang J. C., Blair A. Am. J. Epidemiol., 130: 675-687, 1989.
[Abstract]
Job activity and colon cancer risk. Garabrant D. H., Peters J. M., Mack T. M., Bernstein L. Am. J. Epidemiol., 119: 1005-1014, 1984.
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Risk factors for colorectal cancer in a prospective study among U.S. white men. Hsing A. W., McLaughlin J. K., Chow W-H., Schuman L. M., Chien H. T. C., Gridley G., Bjelke E., Wacholder S., Blot W. J. Int. J. Cancer, 77: 549-553, 1998.
A case-control study of male colorectal cancer in Aichi Prefecture, Japan: with special reference to occupational activity level, drinking habits and family history. Kato I., Tominaga S., Ikari A. Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 81: 115-121, 1990.
Prospective study of colorectal cancer risk in men and plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3.
Ma J., Pollak M. N., Giovannucci E., Chan J. M., Tao Y., Hennekens C. H., Stampfer M. J. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 91: 620-625, 1999.
Early adulthood physical activity and colon cancer risk among Wisconsin women.
Marcus P. M., Newcomb P. A., Storer B. E. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 3: 641-644, 1994.
Effect of occupational and recreational activity on the risk of colorectal cancer among males: a case-control study. Markowitz S., Morabia A., Garibaldi K., Wynder E. Int. J. Epidemiol., 21: 1057-1062, 1992.
[Abstract]
Leisure-time physical activity, body size, and colon cancer in women.
Martinez M. E., Giovannucci E., Spiegelman D., Hunter D. J., Willett W. C., Colditz G. A. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 89: 948-955, 1997.
A case-control study of occupational and dietary factors in colorectal cancer in young men by subsite. Peters R. K., Garabrant D. H., Yu M. C., Mack T. M. Cancer Res., 49: 5459-5468, 1989.
Energy balance and colon cancer–beyond physical activity. Slattery M. L., Potter J., Caan B., Edwards S., Coates A., Ma K. N., Berry T. D. Cancer Res., 57: 75-80, 1997.
Physical activity, diet, and risk of colon cancer in Utah.
Slattery M. L., Schumacher M. C., Smith K. R., West D. W., Abd-Elghany N. Am. J. Epidemiol., 128: 989-999, 1988.
[Abstract]
Combined risk assessment of physical activity and dietary habits on the development of colorectal cancer. A hospital-based case-control study in Poland. Steindorf K., Tobiasz-Adamczyk B., Popiela T., Jedrychowski W., Penar A., Matyja A., Wahrendorf J. Eur. J. Cancer Prev., 9: 309-316, 2000.
[Abstract]
Physical activity, water intake and risk of colorectal cancer in Taiwan: a hospital-based case-control study.
Tang R., Wang J. Y., Lo S. K., Hsieh L. L. Int. J. Cancer, 82: 484-489, 1999.
Risk factors for fatal colon cancer in a large prospective study.
Thun M. J., Calle E. E., Namboodiri M. M., Flanders W. D., Coates R. J., Byers T., Boffetta P., Garfinkel L., Heath C. W., Jr. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 84: 1491-1500, 1992.
[Abstract]
Lifetime occupational exercise and colon cancer.
Vena J. E., Graham S., Zielezny M., Swanson M. K., Barnes R. E., Nolan J. Am. J. Epidemiol., 122: 357-365, 1985.
[Abstract]
Occupational physical activity and colon cancer risk in Turkey.
Vetter R., Dosemeci M., Blair A., Wacholder S., Unsal M., Engin K., Fraumeni J. F., Jr. Eur. J. Epidemiol., 8: 845-850, 1992.
[Abstract]
Relationship of some biosocial factors to colon cancer in Belgrade.
Vlajinac H., Jarebinski M., Adanja B. Neoplasma, 34: 503-507, 1987.
[Abstract][Full Text][Full Text PDF]
Physical activity in relation to colon cancer in middle-aged men and women.
White E., Jacobs E. J., Daling J. Am. J. Epidemiol., 144: 42-50, 1996
Diet, physical activity and colorectal cancer among Chinese in North America and China. Whittemore A. S., Wu-Williams A. H., Lee M., Zheng S., Gallagher R. P., Jiao D. A., Zhou L., Wang X. H., Chen K., Jung D., The C-Z., Chengde L., Yao X. J., Paffenbarger R. S., Jr., Henderson B. E. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 82: 915-926, 1990.
[Abstract]
Colorectal cancer: another complication of diabetes mellitus?Will J. C., Galuska D. A., Vinicor F., Calle E. E. Am. J. Epidemiol., 147: 816-825, 1998.
Alcohol, physical activity and other risk factors for colorectal cancer: a prospective study. Wu A. H., Paganini-Hill A., Ross R. K., Henderson B. E. Br. J. Cancer, 55: 687-694, 1987.
Physical activity and prostate cancer
Lifetime occupational physical activity and incidental prostate cancer (Canada). Bairati I., Larouche R., Meyer F., Moore L., Fradet Y. Cancer Causes Control, 11: 759-764, 2000.
[Abstract]
Association of smoking, body mass, and physical activity with risk of prostate cancer in the Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study (United States).
Cerhan J. R., Torner J. C., Lynch C. F., Rubenstein L. M., Lemke J. H., Cohen M. B., Lubaroff D. M., Wallace R. B. Cancer Causes Control, 8: 229-238, 1997.
[Abstract]
Case-control study of risk factors for prostate cancer.
Ilić M., Vlajinac H., Marinković J. Br. J. Cancer, 74: 1682-1686, 1996.
Lifetime occupational physical activity and prostate cancer risk. Le Marchand L., Kolonel L. N., Yoshizawa C. N. Am. J. Epidemiol., 133: 103-111, 1991.
[Abstract]
Physical activity and risk of prostatic cancer among college alumni.
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Physical activity and ovarian cancer
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[Abstract]
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[Abstract]
Physical activity and testicular cancer
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[Abstract]
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Physical activity and lung cancer
Physical activity and risk of lung cancer.
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Abstract:
The purpose of this review is to articulate how progress in epidemiological research on physical activity and cancer prevention can be made. This report briefly reviews the accumulated evidence for an etiological role of physical activity in the prevention of cancer of the colon, breast, prostate, testes, lung, endometrium, and ovary and summarizes the evidence for a causal association for each of these sites. The evidence for a causal association between physical activity and colon and breast cancers is found to be “convincing,” for prostate cancer to be “probable,” for lung and endometrial cancers to be “possible,” and for testicular and ovarian cancers to be currently “insufficient” to make any definitive conclusions. The emerging literature on physical activity and cancer prevention intervention studies is presented, and an overview of the literature on physical activity intervention is also provided. Given the level of evidence that is currently available for the associations between physical activity and cancer, it is argued that for additional progress to be made in this field, there need to be intervention studies on physical activity and cancers of the colon and breast. For the remaining cancer sites, better designed observational epidemiological studies are needed that address the identified methodological limitations found in previous studies. These limitations include crude and incomplete physical activity assessment, lack of adequate control for confounding and effect modification, as well as a lack of consideration of the underlying biological mechanisms that are operative. This review concludes with detailed recommendations for future research in this field.
