Scientific References
Role of some specific micronutrients in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Omega 3 fatty acid
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular health. Kris-Etherton PM, Hecker KD, Binkoski AE. Nutr Rev. 2004;62(11):414-426.
[Abstract]
Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet and reinfarction trial (DART). Burr ML, Fehily AM, Gilbert JF, et al. Lancet. 1989;2(8666):757-761.
[Abstract]
Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. de Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Delaye J, Mamelle N. Circulation. 1999;99(6):779-785.
[Abstract]
Comparison of low-fat versus Mediterranean-style dietary intervention after first myocardial infarction (from The Heart Institute of Spokane Diet Intervention and Evaluation Trial). Tuttle KR, Shuler LA, Packard DP, et al. Am J Cardiol. 2008;101(11):1523-1530.
[Abstract]
Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet. 1999;354(9177):447-455.
[Abstract]
Hypertriglyceridemia as a cardiovascular risk factor. Austin MA, Hokanson JE, Edwards KL. Am J Cardiol. 1998;81(4A):7B-12B.
[Abstract]
n-3 fatty acids and serum lipoproteins: human studies. Harris WS. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65(5 Suppl):1645S-1654S.
[Abstract]
Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review. Balk EM, Lichtenstein AH, Chung M, Kupelnick B, Chew P, Lau J. Atherosclerosis. 2006;189(1):19-30.
[Abstract]
Intakes of long-chain omega-3 fatty acid associated with reduced risk for death from coronary heart disease in healthy adults. Harris WS, Kris-Etherton PM, Harris KA. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2008;10(6):503-509.
[Abstract]
Early protection against sudden death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction: time-course analysis of the results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Marchioli R, Barzi F, Bomba E, et al. Miocardico (GISSI)-Prevenzione. Circulation. 2002;105(16):1897-1903.
[Abstract]
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fish oil and mustard oil in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction: the Indian experiment of infarct survival--4. Singh RB, Niaz MA, Sharma JP, Kumar R, Rastogi V, Moshiri M. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1997;11(3):485-491.
[Abstract]
Effects of a high-dose concentrate of n-3 fatty acids or corn oil introduced early after an acute myocardial infarction on serum triacylglycerol and HDL cholesterol. Nilsen DW, Albrektsen G, Landmark K, Moen S, Aarsland T, Woie L. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74(1):50-56.
[Abstract]
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Bucher HC, Hengstler P, Schindler C, Meier G. Am J Med. 2002;112(4):298-304.
[Abstract]
Controlled trial of fish oil for regression of human coronary atherosclerosis. HARP Research Group. Sacks FM, Stone PH, Gibson CM, Silverman DI, Rosner B, Pasternak RC. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25(7):1492-1498.
[Abstract]
The effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on coronary atherosclerosis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. von Schacky C, Angerer P, Kothny W, Theisen K, Mudra H. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130(7):554-562. [Abstract]
Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular risk factors and intermediate markers of cardiovascular disease. Balk E, Chung M, Lichtenstein A, et al. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ). 2004(93):1-6.
[Abstract]
Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, et al. Circulation. 2006;114(1):82-96.
[Abstract]
Diet, serum cholesterol, and death from coronary heart disease. The Western Electric study. Shekelle RB, Shryock AM, Paul O, et al. N Engl J Med. 1981;304(2):65-70.
[Abstract]
Dietary fat intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women: 20 years of follow-up of the nurses' health study. Oh K, Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;161(7):672-679.
[Abstract]
Dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease in men: cohort follow up study in the United States. Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Giovannucci EL, Spiegelman D, Stampfer M, Willett WC. BMJ. 1996;313(7049):84-90.
[Abstract]
Prediction of cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged men by dietary and serum linoleic and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Laaksonen DE, Nyyssonen K, Niskanen L, Rissanen TH, Salonen JT. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(2):193-199.
[Abstract]
Randomized clinical trials on the effects of dietary fat and carbohydrate on plasma lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease. Sacks FM, Katan M. Am J Med. 2002;113 Suppl 9B:13S-24S.
[Abstract]
Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins. A meta-analysis of 27 trials. Mensink RP, Katan MB. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992;12(8):911-919.
[Abstract]
Test of effect of lipid lowering by diet on cardiovascular risk. The Minnesota Coronary Survey. Frantz ID, Jr., Dawson EA, Ashman PL, et al. Arteriosclerosis. 1989;9(1):129-135.
[Abstract]
Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease in women: the Finnish mental hospital study. Miettinen M, Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M, Paavilainen E, Elosuo R. Int J Epidemiol. 1983;12(1):17-25.
[Abstract]
Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association Nutrition Subcommittee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Harris WS, Mozaffarian D, Rimm E, et al. Circulation. 2009;119:Epub ahead of print.
Interplay between different polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in men. Mozaffarian D, Ascherio A, Hu FB, et al. Circulation. 2005;111(2):157-164.
[Abstract]
Dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid and risk of fatal ischemic heart disease among women. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69(5):890-897.
[Abstract]
Epidemiological evidence of relationships between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and mortality in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Dolecek TA. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1992;200(2):177-182.
[Abstract]
Intake of fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in a cohort of Finnish men. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. Pietinen P, Ascherio A, Korhonen P, et al. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;145(10):876-887.
[Abstract]
alpha-Linolenic acid intake is not beneficially associated with 10-y risk of coronary artery disease incidence: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Oomen CM, Ocke MC, Feskens EJ, Kok FJ, Kromhout D. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74(4):457-463.
[Abstract]
Dietary alpha-linolenic acid intake and risk of sudden cardiac death and coronary heart disease. Albert CM, Oh K, Whang W, et al. Circulation. 2005;112(21):3232-3238.
[Abstract]
Does alpha-linolenic acid intake reduce the risk of coronary heart disease? A review of the evidence. Mozaffarian D. Altern Ther Health Med. 2005;11(3):24-30.
[Abstract]
Effect of alpha linolenic acid on cardiovascular risk markers: a systematic review. Wendland E, Farmer A, Glasziou P, Neil A. Heart. 2006;92(2):166-169. [Abstract]
Increased alpha-linolenic acid intake lowers C-reactive protein, but has no effect on markers of atherosclerosis. Bemelmans WJ, Lefrandt JD, Feskens EJ, et al. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58(7):1083-1089.
[Abstract]
Dietary alpha-linolenic acid decreases C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and interleukin-6 in dyslipidaemic patients. Rallidis LS, Paschos G, Liakos GK, Velissaridou AH, Anastasiadis G, Zampelas A. Atherosclerosis. 2003;167(2):237-242.
[Abstract]
Dietary alpha-linolenic acid reduces inflammatory and lipid cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemic men and women. Zhao G, Etherton TD, Martin KR, West SG, Gillies PJ, Kris-Etherton PM. J Nutr. 2004;134(11):2991-2997.
[Abstract]
Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: new recommendations from the American Heart Association. Kris-Etherton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23(2):151-152.
[Abstract]
n-3 Fatty acids from fish or fish-oil supplements, but not alpha-linolenic acid, benefit cardiovascular disease outcomes in primary- and secondary-prevention studies: a systematic review. Wang C, Harris WS, Chung M, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(1):5-17.
[Abstract]
Risks and benefits of omega 3 fats for mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review. Hooper L, Thompson RL, Harrison RA, et al. BMJ. 2006;332(7544):752-760.
[Abstract]
The inverse relation between fish consumption and 20-year mortality from coronary heart disease. Kromhout D, Bosschieter EB, de Lezenne Coulander C. N Engl J Med. 1985;312(19):1205-1209.
[Abstract]
Fish and long-chain omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease and total mortality in diabetic women. Hu FB, Cho E, Rexrode KM, Albert CM, Manson JE. Circulation. 2003;107(14):1852-1857.
[Abstract]
The protective effect of a small amount of fish on coronary heart disease mortality in an elderly population. Kromhout D, Feskens EJ, Bowles CH. Int J Epidemiol. 1995;24(2):340-345.
[Abstract]
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Dolecek TA, Granditis G. World Rev Nutr Diet. 1991;66:205-216.
[Abstract]
Fish consumption and the 30-year risk of fatal myocardial infarction. Daviglus ML, Stamler J, Orencia AJ, et al. N Engl J Med. 1997;336(15):1046-1053.
[Abstract]
Fish and shellfish consumption in relation to death from myocardial infarction among men in Shanghai, China. Yuan JM, Ross RK, Gao YT, Yu MC. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;154(9):809-816.
[Abstract]
Fish and omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women. Hu FB, Bronner L, Willett WC, et al. JAMA. 2002;287(14):1815-1821. [Abstract]
Intake of fish and long-chain n-3 fatty acids and the risk of coronary heart mortality in men and women. Jarvinen R, Knekt P, Rissanen H, Reunanen A. Br J Nutr. 2006;95(4):824-829.
[Abstract]
Intake of fish and n3 fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among Japanese: the Japan Public Health Center-Based (JPHC) Study Cohort I. Iso H, Kobayashi M, Ishihara J, et al. Circulation. 2006;113(2):195-202.
[Abstract]
Association between fish consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Japan: NIPPON DATA80, 1980-99. Nakamura Y, Ueshima H, Okamura T, et al. Am J Med. 2005;118(3):239-245.
[Abstract]
Prevention of sudden cardiac death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Leaf A, Xiao YF, Kang JX, Billman GE. Pharmacol Ther. 2003;98(3):355-377
[Abstract]
Fish consumption and risk of sudden cardiac death. Albert CM, Hennekens CH, O'Donnell CJ, et al. JAMA. 1998;279(1):23-28.
[Abstract]
Blood levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids and the risk of sudden death. Albert CM, Campos H, Stampfer MJ, et al. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(15):1113-1118.
[Abstract]
Fish and n-3 fatty acids for the prevention of fatal coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death. Mozaffarian D. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87(6):1991S-1996S.
[Abstract]
Prevention of fatal arrhythmias in high-risk subjects by fish oil n-3 fatty acid intake. Leaf A, Albert CM, Josephson M, et al. Circulation. 2005;112(18):2762-2768.
[Abstract]
Fish oil supplementation and risk of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in patients with implantable defibrillators: a randomized controlled trial. Raitt MH, Connor WE, Morris C, et al. JAMA. 2005;293(23):2884-2891.
[Abstract]
Effect of fish oil on ventricular tachyarrhythmia and death in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: the Study on Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Ventricular Arrhythmia (SOFA) randomized trial. Brouwer IA, Zock PL, Camm AJ, et al. JAMA. 2006;295(22):2613-2619.
[Abstract]
Fish-oil supplementation in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a meta-analysis. Jenkins DJ, Josse AR, Beyene J, et al. Cmaj. 2008;178(2):157-164.
[Abstract]
Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiac arrhythmias: prior studies and recommendations for future research: a report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Office Of Dietary Supplements Omega-3 Fatty Acids and their Role in Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis Workshop. London B, Albert C, Anderson ME, et al. Circulation. 2007;116(10):e320-335.
[Abstract]
Antioxidants
Vitamin E and vitamin C supplement use and risk of all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality in older persons: the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly., KG Losonczy, TB Harris and RJ Havlik, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 64, 190-196
Lower ischemic heart disease incidence and mortality among vitamin supplement users, F Meyer, I Bairati, GR Dagenais, Can J Cardiol October 1996, Volume 12 Issue 10: 930-934
Vitamin E Consumption and the Risk of Coronary Disease in Women, Meir J. Stampfer, Charles H. Hennekens, JoAnn E. Manson, Graham A. Colditz, Bernard Rosner, and Walter C. Willett; N Engl J Med 1993; 328:1444-1449
Vitamin C and risk of coronary heart disease in women. Osganian SK, Stampfer MJ, Rimm E, et al.; J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:246-52.
Polyphenols and disease risk in epidemiologic studies, Arts and Hollman;
Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:317S-325S.
The Effect of Fruit and Vegetable Intake on Risk for Coronary Heart Disease,
Kaumudi J. Joshipura, ScD; Frank B. Hu, MD; JoAnn E. Manson, MD; Meir J. Stampfer, MD; Eric B. Rimm, ScD; Frank E. Speizer, MD; Graham Colditz, MD; Alberto Ascherio, MD; Bernard Rosner, PhD; Donna Spiegelman, ScD; and Walter C. Willett, MD
Ann Intern Med 2001 Jun 19;134(12):1106-14
Coenzyme Q10
Antioxidant treatment improves in vivo cardiac and skeletal muscle bioenergetics in patients with Friedreich's ataxia. Lodi R, Hart PE, Rajagopalan B, et al. Ann Neurol. 2001;49(5):590-596.
[Abstract]
Atherosclerosis--an inflammatory disease. Ross R. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(2):115-126.
[Abstract]
beta2-Integrin and lipid modifications indicate a non-antioxidant mechanism for the anti-atherogenic effect of dietary coenzyme Q10. Turunen M, Wehlin L, Sjoberg M, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002;296(2):255-260.
[Abstract]
Biochemical rationale and myocardial tissue data on the effective therapy of cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10. Folkers K, Vadhanavikit S, Mortensen SA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985;82(3):901-904.
[Abstract]
Coenzyme Q10 and differences in coronary heart disease risk in Asian Indians and Chinese. Hughes K, Lee BL, Feng X, Lee J, Ong CN. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002;32(2):132-138.
[Abstract]
Coenzyme Q10 and exercise training in chronic heart failure. Belardinelli R, Mucaj A, Lacalaprice F, et al. Eur Heart J. 2006.
[Abstract]
Dietary cosupplementation with vitamin E and coenzyme Q(10) inhibits atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E gene knockout mice. Thomas SR, Leichtweis SB, Pettersson K, et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21(4):585-593.
[Abstract]
Dietary supplementation with coenzyme Q10 results in increased levels of ubiquinol-10 within circulating lipoproteins and increased resistance of human low-density lipoprotein to the initiation of lipid peroxidation. Mohr D, Bowry VW, Stocker R. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992;1126(3):247-254.
[Abstract]
Does exogenous coenzyme Q10 affect aerobic capacity in endurance athletes? Weston SB, Zhou S, Weatherby RP, Robson SJ. Int J Sport Nutr. 1997;7(3):197-206.
[Abstract]
Effect of coenzyme Q10 intake on endogenous coenzyme Q content, mitochondrial electron transport chain, antioxidative defenses, and life span of mice. Sohal RS, Kamzalov S, Sumien N, et al. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006;40(3):480-487.
[Abstract]
Effect of hydrosoluble coenzyme Q10 on blood pressures and insulin resistance in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. Singh RB, Niaz MA, Rastogi SS, Shukla PK, Thakur AS. J Hum Hypertens. 1999;13(3):203-208.
[Abstract]
Effect of Q10 supplementation on tissue Q10 levels and adenine nucleotide catabolism during high-intensity exercise. Svensson M, Malm C, Tonkonogi M, Ekblom B, Sjodin B, Sahlin K. Int J Sport Nutr. 1999;9(2):166-180.
[Abstract]
Effect of ubidecarenone oral treatment on aerobic power in middle-aged trained subjects. Bonetti A, Solito F, Carmosino G, Bargossi AM, Fiorella PL. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2000;40(1):51-57.
[Abstract]
Resveratrol
A low dose of dietary resveratrol partially mimics caloric restriction and retards aging parameters in mice. Barger JL, Kayo T, Vann JM, et al. PLoS One. 2008;3(6):e2264.
[Abstract]
Absorption of three wine-related polyphenols in three different matrices by healthy subjects. Goldberg DM, Yan J, Soleas GJ. Clin Biochem. 2003;36(1):79-87.
[Abstract]
Activity in vitro of resveratrol on granulocyte and monocyte adhesion to endothelium. Ferrero ME, Bertelli AE, Fulgenzi A, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68(6):1208-1214.
[Abstract]
Alcohol and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. Corrao G, Rubbiati L, Bagnardi V,
Alcohol intake and diet in France, the prominent role of lifestyle. Ruidavets JB, Bataille V, Dallongeville J, et al. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(13):1153-1162.
[Abstract]
Alcohol-free red wine prevents arterial thrombosis in dietary-induced hypercholesterolemic rats: experimental support for the 'French paradox'. De Curtis A, Murzilli S, Di Castelnuovo A, et al. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3(2):346-350.
[Abstract]
Analysis of resveratrol as a lung cancer chemopreventive agent in A/J mice exposed to benzo[a]pyrene. Berge G, Ovrebo S, Eilertsen E, Haugen A, Mollerup S. Br J Cancer. 2004;91(7):1380-1383.
[Abstract]
Anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol in lung epithelial cells: molecular mechanisms. Donnelly LE, Newton R, Kennedy GE, et al. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2004;287(4):L774-783.
[Abstract]
Antiplatelet activity of synthetic and natural resveratrol in red wine. Bertelli AA, Giovannini L, Giannessi D, et al. Int J Tissue React. 1995;17(1):1-3.
[Abstract]
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Conference: Writing Group III: pathophysiology. Faxon DP, Fuster V, Libby P, et al. Circulation. 2004;109(21):2617-2625.
[Abstract]
Better psychological functioning and higher social status may largely explain the apparent health benefits of wine: a study of wine and beer drinking in young Danish adults. Mortensen EL, Jensen HH, Sanders SA, Reinisch JM. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(15):1844-1848.
[Abstract]
Bioavailability of trans-resveratrol from red wine in humans. Vitaglione P, Sforza S, Galaverna G, et al. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2005;49(5):495-504.
[Abstract]
Biological effects of resveratrol. Fremont L. Life Sci. 2000;66(8):663-673.
[Abstract]
Vitamin A
Effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of angina pectoris. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, Rapola JM, Virtamo J, Haukka JK, et al., JAMA, 1996;275(9):693-698.
Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease, Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, et al., The New England Journal of Medicine, 1996;334(18):1150-1155.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Folate and vitamin B6 from diet and supplements in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among women. Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB, et al. JAMA. 1998;279(5):359-364.
[Abstract]
Hyperhomocysteinemia and low pyridoxal phosphate. Common and independent reversible risk factors for coronary artery disease. Robinson K, Mayer EL, Miller DP, et al. Circulation. 1995;92(10):2825-2830.
[Abstract]
Intake of vitamins B6 and C and the risk of kidney stones in women. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10(4):840-845.
[Abstract]
Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Jewell D, Young G. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002(1):CD000145.
[Abstract]
Low circulating folate and vitamin B6 concentrations: risk factors for stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and coronary artery disease. European COMAC Group. Robinson K, Arheart K, Refsum H, et al. Circulation. 1998;97(5):437-443.
[Abstract]
Low pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease. Lin PT, Cheng CH, Liaw YP, Lee BJ, Lee TW, Huang YC. Nutrition. 2006;22(11-12):1146-1151.
[Abstract]
Non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6. Bender DA. Br J Nutr. 1999;81(1):7-20
[Abstract]
Prospective study of coronary heart disease incidence in relation to fasting total homocysteine, related genetic polymorphisms, and B vitamins: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Folsom AR, Nieto FJ, McGovern PG, et al. Circulation. 1998;98(3):204-210.
[Abstract]
Vitamin B9 (Folic acid)
Dose-dependent effects of folic acid on blood concentrations of homocysteine: a meta-analysis of the randomized trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(4):806-812.
[Abstract]
Effect of folate supplementation on DNA methylation of rectal mucosa in patients with colonic adenomas: correlation with nutrient intake. Cravo ML, Pinto AG, Chaves P, et al. Clin Nutr. 1998;17(2):45-49.
[Abstract]
Effect of folic acid supplementation on risk of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Bazzano LA, Reynolds K, Holder KN, He J. JAMA. 2006;296(22):2720-2726.
[Abstract]
Effects of B-vitamins on plasma homocysteine concentrations and on risk of cardiovascular disease and dementia. Clarke R, Lewington S, Sherliker P, Armitage J. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2007;10(1):32-39.
[Abstract]
Homocyst(e)ine, diet, and cardiovascular diseases: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee, American Heart Association. Malinow MR, Bostom AG, Krauss RM. Circulation. 1999;99(1):178-182.
[Abstract]
Homocysteine and atherosclerosis. Gerhard GT, Duell PB. Curr Opin Lipidol. 1999;10(5):417-428.
[Abstract]
Homocysteine, B vitamins, and coronary artery disease. Seshadri N, Robinson K. Med Clin North Am. 2000;84(1):215-237.
[Abstract]
Low dietary folate intake is associated with an excess incidence of acute coronary events: The Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Voutilainen S, Rissanen TH, Virtanen J, Lakka TA, Salonen JT. Circulation. 2001;103(22):2674-2680.
[Abstract]
Vitamin D
Effect of winter oral vitamin D3 supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in elderly adults. Scragg R, Khaw KT, Murphy S. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1995;49(9):640-646.
[Abstract]
Ultraviolet light may contribute to geographic and racial blood pressure differences. Rostand SG. Hypertension. 1997;30(2 Pt 1):150-156.
[Abstract]
Ultraviolet B and blood pressure. Krause R, Buhring M, Hopfenmuller W, Holick MF, Sharma AM. Lancet. 1998;352(9129):709-710.
Effects of a short-term vitamin D(3) and calcium supplementation on blood pressure and parathyroid hormone levels in elderly women. Pfeifer M, Begerow B, Minne HW, Nachtigall D, Hansen C. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(4):1633-1637.
[Abstract]
No significant effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure and calcium metabolism in elderly Chinese. Pan WH, Wang CY, Li LA, Kao LS, Yeh SH. Chin J Physiol. 1993;36(2):85-94.
[Abstract]
Regulation of renin expression and blood pressure by vitamin D(3). Sigmund CD. J Clin Invest. 2002;110(2):155-156.
[Abstract]
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) is a negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system. Li YC, Kong J, Wei M, Chen ZF, Liu SQ, Cao LP. J Clin Invest. 2002;110(2):229-238.
[Abstract]
Vitamin E
Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Kushi LH, Folsom AR, Prineas RJ, Mink PJ, Wu Y, Bostick RM. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(18):1156-116
[Abstract]
Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, Giovannucci E, Colditz GA, Willett WC. N Engl J Med. 1993;328(20):1450-145
[Abstract]
Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary disease in women. Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Willett WC. N Engl J Med. 1993;328(20):1444-144
[Abstract]
High vitamin E plasma levels and low low-density lipoprotein oxidation are associated with the absence of atherosclerosis in octogenarians. Cherubini A, Zuliani G, Costantini F, et al. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49(5):651-65
[Abstract]
Antioxidant vitamin status and carotid atherosclerosis in the elderly. Gale CR, Ashurst HE, Powers HJ, Martyn CN. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74(3):402-40
[Abstract]
Antioxidant vitamins and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis. The Perth Carotid Ultrasound Disease Assessment study (CUDAS). McQuillan BM, Hung J, Beilby JP, Nidorf M, Thompson PL. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38(7):1788-179
[Abstract]
Erythrocyte, but not plasma, vitamin E concentration is associated with carotid intima-media thickening in asymptomatic men at risk for cardiovascular disease. Simon E, Gariepy J, Cogny A, Moatti N, Simon A, Paul JL. Atherosclerosis. 2001;159(1):193-20
[Abstract]
Vitamin E in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: the Women's Health Study: a randomized controlled trial. Lee IM, Cook NR, Gaziano JM, et al. JAMA. 2005;294(1):56-6
[Abstract]
Effects of random allocation to vitamin E supplementation on the occurrence of venous thromboembolism: report from the Women's Health Study. Glynn RJ, Ridker PM, Goldhaber SZ, Zee RY, Buring JE. Circulation. 2007;116(13):1497-150
[Abstract]
Vitamin K
Vitamin K1 intake and coronary calcification. Villines TC, Hatzigeorgiou C, Feuerstein IM, O'Malley PG, Taylor AJ. Coron Artery Dis. 2005;16(3):199-203.
[Abstract]
Vitamin K intake and calcifications in breast arteries. Maas AH, van der Schouw YT, Beijerinck D, et al. Maturitas. 2007;56(3):273-279.
[Abstract]
Vitamin K intake and osteocalcin levels in women with and without aortic atherosclerosis: a population-based study. Jie KS, Bots ML, Vermeer C, Witteman JC, Grobbee DE. Atherosclerosis. 1995;116(1):117-123.
[Abstract]
Role of vitamin K and vitamin K-dependent proteins in vascular calcification. Schurgers LJ, Dissel PE, Spronk HM, et al. Z Kardiol. 2001;90 Suppl 3:57-63.
[Abstract]
Novel conformation-specific antibodies against matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) protein: undercarboxylated matrix Gla protein as marker for vascular calcification. Schurgers LJ, Teunissen KJ, Knapen MH, et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25(8):1629-1633.
[Abstract]
The Circulating Inactive Form of Matrix Gla Protein (ucMGP) as a Biomarker for Cardiovascular Calcification. Cranenburg EC, Vermeer C, Koos R, et al. J Vasc Res. 2008;45(5):427-436.
[Abstract]
